Bromes (Bromus) are a large genus of grasses, commonly known as brome grasses, cheat grasses, or chess grasses, used for forage, erosion control, and cover crops, though some species are invasive weeds. They are cool-season grasses with distinctive features like hairy lemmas, often-drooping flower clusters (panicles), and closed sheaths, with species ranging from valuable pasture grasses like smooth brome to aggressive invaders like red brome. Key Characteristics Appearance: Typically clump-forming with flat leaves, often with a W-shaped wrinkle on the blade. Flower clusters (spikelets) are often drooping and have awns (bristles). Growth: Cool-season grasses, with optimal growth below 75°F (24°C). Sheaths: Usually have closed sheaths (the leaf blade is fused to the stem for most of its length). Nodes: Nodes (where leaves attach) are often hairy.